This study aimed to expand psychological research on hope by contributing a construct and scale to measure central dimensions of theistic eschatological hope derived from Christian scriptures. Eschatological hope was conceptualized as the anticipation that God will make all things new, raising people to everlasting life with God in joyful celebration, including people from every culture and nation, ending all personal pain and suffering, eliminating all societal evil and harm, and bringing reconciliation and healing to all of creation.
This subscale captures how individuals experience and express hope as a sustaining and centering virtue. It examines one’s ability to maintain optimism, perseverance, and trust...
The Character Climate Scale (CCS) is a 23-item instrument designed to measure the moral ecosystem of a university — the extent to which character, virtue,...
This subscale evaluates how individuals regulate impulses, maintain moderation, and pursue disciplined living. Temperance is understood as a protective virtue, preventing excess and fostering moral...